PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT MARKET SAMPLES OF VIDARIKAND (PUERARIA TUBEROSA DC) IN INDIA

The demand for natural products derived from medicinal plant is increasing in national and international market. Over 86% of raw material required for traditional medicines/herbal medicines used to be collected from wild resources. With the increase in demand of medicinal plants for the commercial herbal medicine sector led to the indiscriminate and unscientific collection without any consideration for the quality of the material collected. Therefore, it has created problem like deforestation, so some plants species have been near to endangered such as Kutki, Jatamansi, Ativisha etc. Vidarikand (Pueraria tuberosa DC) is a drug of high demands. Because of its increasing demand in the pharmaceutical industry, the availability of authentic drug is decreased. This decline in authenticity is due to substitutes or sub standard materials and adulterants. Objective: The main objective of present study is to evaluate the quality of the genuine/official Vidarikand and its commercial sample and to find out whether the genuine/official drug is available in the market or not. Methods: The genuine/official Vidarikand and its three different markets sample in India which are Lucknow, Delhi and Mumbai. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical analysis of official drug and three different market samples have been compared to the standards given in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. This research work was conducted in laboratory of State Ayurvedic College, Lucknow and CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow. Observation and Results: As per Pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters official drug of Vidarikand and its market samples variations were found. Conclusion: In view of pharma-cognostical and phytochemical analysis, the sample of Lucknow and Delhi market were not similar to genuine/official sample, they were totally replaced with other drug and the sample of Mumbai was mixer of two different drugs one was Vidarikand and second was other adulterated drug

Inverse designing surface curvatures by deep learning

Smooth and curved microstructural topologies found in nature - from soap films to trabecular bone - have inspired several mimetic design spaces for architected metamaterials and bio-scaffolds. However, the design approaches so far have been ad hoc, raising the challenge: how to systematically and efficiently inverse design such artificial microstructures with targeted topological features? Here, we explore surface curvature as a design modality and present a deep learning framework to produce topologies with as-desired curvature profiles. The inverse design framework can generalize to diverse topological features such as tubular, membranous, and particulate features. Moreover, we demonstrate successful generalization beyond both the design and data space by inverse designing topologies that mimic the curvature profile of trabecular bone, spinodoid topologies, and periodic nodal surfaces for application in bio-scaffolds and implants. Lastly, we bridge curvature and mechanics by showing how topological curvature can be designed to promote mechanically beneficial stretching-dominated deformation over bending-dominated deformation.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figure

A Theoretical Framework for Risk Analyses of Working from home: The FTSE 100 Employer’s Perspective.

This paper identifies existing literature on the societal phenomenon of working from home, a behavioural norm catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper uniquely expands the academia and practical application capabilities of this societal risk using the perspective of FTSE 100 Index employers. This employer perspective has been applied throughout this paper using the globally recognised and accredited risk management process. This process is used to map out the risk appetite, identification, measurement and treatment of respective macroenvironmental risks a FTSE 100 firm may face in line with Government policies, organisational protocols, objectives and external regulations. To holistically and accurately target and control these work-from- home risks, this paper uses industry-recognised frameworks, scales and matrices to analyse and illustrate the actions and measures FTSE 100 firms can implement. To conclude, this paper makes three critical recommendations a FTSE 100 firm can consider based on the analyses conducted in this research paper: a new work-from-home policy that outlines a new hybrid working structure; the conduction of a quantitative study to help FTSE 100 firms with the effective long-term management of office spaces; and thirdly a groundbreaking investment in technology infrastructure to effectively and compliantly monitor employees working from home. Further to these findings, it is worth noting the results from this paper can be reconfigured over time as the societal and market conditions a FTSE 100 firm faces may be subject to change

Assessment of physiological indices and energetics under different system of rice intensification in north western Himalayas

Field experiment was conducted at the research farm of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan during kharif 2013 with the objective to select the best seedling age and spacing of rice under system of rice intensification in terms of energetic and employment generation for mid hill con-dition of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in 3 times replicated split plot design, assigning of three seedling ages (10, 17 and 24 days) and two spacings (20 cm x 20 cm and 20 cm x 15 cm) in main plots and four seedling vigours corresponding to four seeding rates (25, 30, 35 and 40 g/m2) in sub plots. The leaf area per plant was significantly greater in 10 days seedling age and decreased with increase in age (P=0.05). Seedling rate did not affect leaf area index in all stages except 40 DAS when 35 g/m2 seeding rate had maximum LAI. Seedling age did not significantly influence crop growth rate at any interval but it did relative growth rate and net assimilation rate between 40-70 and 70-100 DAS (P=0.05). 24 days old seedling resulted in significantly higher relative growth rate and net assimilation rate between 40-70 DAS followed by 17 days old seedlings. Maximum value of energy input (13.23) was recorded in 24 days seedling. The energy use efficiency (Energy output: input) varied from 10.6 to 11.1 under different treatments. Wider spacing supporting less plant population consumed 10 man days less than closer spac-ing of 20 cm x 15 cm

Evaluation of seeding rates of rice nursery on seedling vigour and its effect on crop productivity under system of rice intensification

Four seeding rates (25, 30, 35 and 40 g/m2) of rice in nursery were tested for seedling vigour recorded at 10, 17 and 24 DAS at Malan during 2013 and 2014. The seedling vigour so obtained in nursery was subsequently evaluated in field during kharif 2013. Thus twenty four treatments comprised of combinations of three seedling ages (10, 17 and 24 days) and two spacings (20 × 20 cm and 20 × 15 cm) in main plots and four seedling vigour from four seeding rates (25, 30, 35 and 40 g/m2) in sub plots were evaluated in split plot design. Seedling shoot length under all seeding rates (25-35 g/m2) was significantly higher compared to check (40 g/m2) during 2013. In the next year, shoot and root length (30-35 g/m2), tiller per seedling and leaves per seedling (25-30 g/m2) of 24 days nursery was significantly higher over check (40 g/m2). Plant height, tillers, leaves and dry matter accumulation were significantly higher when younger seedlings aged 10 and 17 days were used. The crop raised using 10 days old seedlings matured 3-5 days earlier than 24 days old seedlings. Wider spacing resulted in more plant height, tillers, leaves and dry matter accumulation. Seedlings from 25, 30 and 35 g seed/m2 resulted in significantly taller plants than 40 g/m2. The seeding rate, seedling age and plant spacing did not significantly influence rice productivity thereby permitting flexibility to the rice farmers in the adoption of these factors

Apical targeting of syntaxin 3 is essential for epithelial cell polarity

In polarized epithelial cells, syntaxin 3 localizes to the apical plasma membrane and is involved in membrane fusion of apical trafficking pathways. We show that syntaxin 3 contains a necessary and sufficient apical targeting signal centered around a conserved FMDE motif. Mutation of any of three critical residues within this motif leads to loss of specific apical targeting. Modeling based on the known structure of syntaxin 1 revealed that these residues are exposed on the surface of a three-helix bundle. Syntaxin 3 targeting does not require binding to Munc18b. Instead, syntaxin 3 recruits Munc18b to the plasma membrane. Expression of mislocalized mutant syntaxin 3 in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells leads to basolateral mistargeting of apical membrane proteins, disturbance of tight junction formation, and loss of ability to form an organized polarized epithelium. These results indicate that SNARE proteins contribute to the overall specificity of membrane trafficking in vivo, and that the polarity of syntaxin 3 is essential for epithelial cell polarization